What gases are known for their ability to absorb and emit thermal infrared radiation?

Greenhouse gases (GHG) are known for their ability to absorb and emit thermal infrared radiation, which significantly influences the Earth's climate system. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, among others. They are critical because they allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere but trap heat that would otherwise escape back into space, creating a warming effect known as the greenhouse effect.

This characteristic of GHGs to interact with thermal infrared radiation is crucial in regulating the Earth's temperature. Without these gases, the planet would be much colder, making it inhospitable for many forms of life. Thus, understanding their role is vital for comprehending climate change and global warming dynamics.

While pollutants can affect atmospheric conditions, they do not have the specific thermal properties that characterize greenhouse gases. Particulate matter, although it can influence climate by reflecting sunlight and affecting cloud formation, does not directly absorb and emit infrared radiation like GHGs do. Ozone, while important in the stratosphere for blocking harmful UV radiation, does not play the same role as greenhouse gases in the context of Earth’s surface temperature regulation.