What term refers to measures taken by humans to reduce shortages, including better family planning and waste reduction?

The term that accurately describes measures taken by humans to reduce shortages, such as better family planning and waste reduction, is resource management. Resource management involves the strategic planning and management of resources to enhance their efficiency and sustainability. This includes assessing the needs of a population and implementing practices that alleviate shortages and ensure that resources are used responsibly.

Preventative checks, while related to the concept of managing population growth to prevent resource depletion, do not encapsulate all the actions aimed at optimizing the use of existing resources. Positive checks refer to factors that increase mortality rates as a response to resource shortages, which is not in line with proactive measures to prevent shortages.

Sustainability practices focus on long-term strategies for preserving resources for future generations, which overlaps with resource management but does not specifically refer to the immediate actions like family planning or waste reduction.

In summary, the concept of resource management directly addresses human actions taken to manage resources effectively to mitigate shortages, aligning with the intention behind family planning and waste reduction efforts.