What type of policy is implemented to increase birth and fertility rates through incentives?

A pro-natalist policy is specifically designed to encourage higher birth and fertility rates within a population. These policies are often implemented by governments in response to concerns about an aging population, declining birth rates, or the need for a larger workforce. Incentives under pro-natalist policies can include financial benefits such as direct cash payments, parental leave, subsidized childcare, and other support systems aimed at making parenting more affordable and appealing. Countries that may face demographic challenges often adopt these strategies to reverse declining population trends and boost economic growth through a larger, younger population.

In contrast, anti-natalist policies focus on reducing birth rates, often implemented in areas facing overpopulation or resource constraints. Migration and immigration policies, meanwhile, relate to the movement of people into and out of a country, and do not specifically target fertility rates. Thus, the emphasis on support and incentives makes pro-natalist policies an effective approach to increase birth and fertility rates.