Which of the following best describes expatriates?

Expatriates are best described as citizens temporarily residing in a foreign country. This definition focuses on individuals who have moved from their home country but still maintain their citizenship, typically for work, education, or other temporary purposes. These individuals may live abroad for an extended period but do not intend to permanently settle in their host country.

In contrast, returning citizens refers to individuals who have spent time abroad but are coming back to their home country, which does not align with the concept of expatriation. Seasonal workers in agriculture are often involved in temporary labor but are usually not classified as expatriates since they may not maintain the citizenship status in the same way. Lastly, permanent residents of another country typically refer to foreigners who have been granted the right to reside indefinitely, differing fundamentally from expatriates who usually plan to return to their home country eventually. Therefore, the essence of expatriates lies in their temporary residency status abroad while retaining their citizenship.